Using the crude oil distillation process, the oil petroleum products and intermediates we use daily can be gained in the refineries. Crude oil is the liquid form of hydrocarbons resulting from organic material metamorphosis inside the earth, and it is stored inside porous rocks. The term "crude" means that this material is still in its natural state and has not been processed yet. Oil is a mix of organic compounds containing two elements: carbon and hydrogen. Oil reaches the earth in natural ways, including fault lines and cracks on the rocks, and creates pools of tar, asphalt, and pitch by accumulating. Hence, the English term "petroleum" has a Greek origin, and it is a mix of two words, including "petra" (means rock) and "oleo" (means oil), meaning "rock oil" as a whole.
Asphalt is an organic black-brown material and it degenerates as it transforms from a stabilized and viscous form (liquid) to a solid form. In essence, asphalt is a hydrocarbon and a highly complex and unstable compound. It is derived from the distillation of oil or natural beds. The asphalt that is commonly used today is a byproduct made by refining oil. On the other hand, the pitch is made by the distillation of mine coals.
Diesel fuel, used for bikes with diesel engines, is one of the products made by distilling crude oil. When the temperature reaches a boiling point of 200-300°C in the distillation of crude oil (boiling point), diesel fuel can be taken, which is the third main product. Gasoline (oil) is a fuel used for diesel engines.
Fuel oil is a fluid material and a oil product and has a dark color. Fuel oil is used in electricity, heat, and steam-powered systems and is highly preferred in industrial factories, installations, and constructions. It can be pumped easily, is flammable, and can help save money.
The following products are obtained at the 150°C to 350°C temperature:
In terms of chemistry, benzin can contain more than 120 hydrocarbons, which depends on crude oil characteristics. Saturated hydrocarbon can be found mostly, and only 4 to 12 carbon can be seen in benzin's structure.
Also known as rock oil, it is the second product obtained after benzin. At first, it was used for illumination purposes, heating-cooling appliances, and as tractor and jet fuels. Lamp oil or kerosene is also used as jet fuel.
Liquefied petroleum gas or LPG is colorless, odorless, heavier than air, and flammable material. It can be obtained by distilling crude oil in refineries or separating natural gas existing on oil reservoirs that is liquefied under pressure. In Turkey, the LPG compound contains 70% butane and 30% propane. If 1 liter of LPG evaporates, it can create 250 liters of gas volume in normal conditions. Unlike natural gas, LPG is not volatile and will go down to the bottom.
Paraffin wax is stemmed from oil and a colorless and odorless type of wax. It is a byproduct of oil. Oily paraffin is a byproduct obtained from crude oil in refineries, which is first melted and then cooled down to freeze the paraffin only. Then, the oily parts are separated. Paraffin wax has a high melting point, and it contains alkanes with 26 to 30 carbons.
Bitumen, commonly known as tar, is a thick, black, sticky material. Refined bitumen is the bottom fraction obtained by the fractional distillation of crude oil. This means that the boiling point of bitumen is very high, so it does not rise in the distillation chamber. The boiling point of bitumen is 977° Fahrenheit. Bitumen is used in paving roads and waterproofing roofs and boats. Bitumen is also made into thin plates and used to soundproof dishwashers and hard drives in computers.
0216 519 29 47
info@bestbusiness.com.tr
Barbaros Mh. Al Zambak Sk. Varyap Meridian A Blok No:2 İç Kapı No:33 Ataşehir - İstanbul